Resources

This is intended to be a provisional bibliography of key resources on Offa’s Dyke, Wat’s Dyke and the Pillar of Eliseg, as well as comparative works on other British early medieval linear earthworks.

Bapty, I. 2004. The final word on Offa’s Dyke? Clwyd-Powys Archaeological Trust website www.cpat.org.uk/offa/offrev.htm (accessed March 29 2019).

Belford, P. 2017. Offa’s Dyke: a line in the landscape, in T. Jenkins and R. Abbiss (eds) Fortress Salopia. Solihull: Helion: 60–81.

Bell, M. 2012. The Archaeology of the Dykes: From the Roman to Offa’s Dyke. Stroud: Amberley.

Brookes, S. 2013. Mapping Anglo-Saxon civil defence, in. J. Baker, S. Brookes and A. Reynolds (eds) Landscapes of Defence in Early Medieval Europe, Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 39–63.

Edwards, N. 2009. Re-thinking the Pillar of Eliseg. Antiquaries Journal 89: 143–177.

Erskine, J.G.P. 2007. The West Wansdyke: an appraisal of the dating, dimensions and construction techniques in the light of excavated evidence, Archaeological Journal 164: 80–108.

Everson, P. 1991. Three case studies of ridge and furrow: 1. Offa’s Dyke at Dudston in Chirbury, Shropshre. A pre-Offan field system? In Landscape History 13(1): 53-63

Fox, C. 1934. Wat’s Dyke: a field survey. Archaeologia Cambrensis 90: 205–278.

Fox, C. 1955. Offa’s Dyke. A Field Survey of the Western Frontier-Works of Mercia in the Seventh and Eighth Centuries A.D. London: The British Academy/Oxford University Press.

Fox, A. and Fox, C. 1958. Wansdyke reconsidered, Archaeological Journal 115: 1–48.

Gelling, M. 1992. The West Midlands in the Early Middle Ages. Leicester: Leicester University Press.

Grigg, E. 2014. The early medieval dykes of Britain, in G.R. Owen-Crocker and S.D. Thompson (eds) Towns and Topography: Essays in Memory of David M. Hill, Oxford: Oxbow, pp. 103–110.

Grigg, E. 2018. Warfare, Raiding and Defence in Early Medieval Britain. Ramsbury: Robert Hale.

Hankinson, R. and Castledine, A. 2006. Short dykes in Powys and their origins, Archaeological Journal 163: 264–269.

Haygarth Berry Associates 2018. Offa’s Dyke Conservation Management Plan. Draft 30 November 2018. Offa’s Dyke Association.

Hill, D. 1974. The inter-relation of Offa’s and Wat’s dykes. Antiquity 48: 309–312.

Hill, D. 2000. Offa’s Dyke, pattern and purpose. Antiquaries Journal 80: 195–206.

Hill, D. 2001. Mercians: the dwellers on the boundary, in M.P. Brown and C.A. Farr (eds) Mercia: An Anglo-Saxon Kingdom in Europe. Leicester: Leicester University Press, pp. 173–182.

Hill, D. and Worthington, M. 2003. Offa’s Dyke: History and Guide. Stroud: Tempus.

Ladd, S. and Mortimer, R. 2017. The Bran Ditch: Early Iron Age origins and implications for prehistoric territories in South Cambridgeshire and the East Chilterns, Proceedings of the Cambridge Antiquarian Society 106: 7–22.

Lennon, B. 2010. The relationship between Wansdyke and Bedwyn Dykes: a historiography. Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Magazine 103: 269–288.

Malim, T. with Penn, K., Robinson, B., Wait, G. and Welsh, K. 1997. New evidence on the Cambridgeshire dykes and Worsted Street Roman Road, Proceedings of the Cambridge Antiquarian Society 85: 27–122.

Malim, T. and Hayes, L. 2008. The date and nature of Wat’s Dyke: a reassessment in the light of recent investigations at Gobowen, Shropshire, in S. Crawford and H. Hamerow (eds) Anglo-Saxon Studies in Archaeology and History 15. Oxford: Oxbow: 147–79.

Malim, T. 2007. The origins and design of linear earthworks in the Welsh Marches, Landscape Enquires, Proceedings of the Clifton Antiquarian Club 8: 13–32.

Murrieta-Flores, P. and Williams, H. 2017. Placing the Pillar of Eliseg: movement, visibility and memory in the early medieval landscape, Medieval Archaeology 61(1), 69–103.

Noble, F. 1983. Offa’s Dyke Reviewed. British Archaeological Reports British Series, 114.

Rahtz, P. 1961. An excavation on Bokerly Dyke, 1958, Archaeological Journal 118(1): 65–99.

Ray, K. and Bapty, I. 2016. Offa’s Dyke: Landscape and Hegemony in Eighth-Century Britain. Oxford: Windgather Press.

Reynolds, A. and Langlands, A. 2006. Social identities on the macro scale: a maximum view of Wansdyke, in W. Davies, G. Halsall, and A. Reynolds (eds) People and Space in the Middle Ages 300–1300, Studies in the Early Middle Ages 15, Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 13–44.

Tyler, D.J. 2011. Offa’s Dyke: an historiographical appraisal. Journal of Medieval History 37(2): 145–161.

Squatriti, P. 2002. Digging ditches in Early Medieval Europe, Past & Present 175: 11–65.

Squatriti, P. 2004. Offa’s Dyke between nature and culture. Environmental History 9: 9–36.

Swallow, R. 2016. Cheshire castles of the Irish Sea cultural zone, Archaeological Journal 173: 288–341.

Wileman, J. 2003. The purpose of the dykes: understanding the linear earthworks of early medieval Britain, Landscapes 4(2): 59–66.

Williams, A. 2009. Offa’s Dyke: A Monument Without a History? In Fryde, N & Reitz, D (eds) Walls, Ramparts, and Lines of Demarcation: Selected Studies from Antiquity to Modern Times. Munster. LIT Verlag Munster

Williams, H. 2011. Remembering elites: early medieval stone crosses as commemorative technologies, in L. Boye, P. Ethelberg, L. Heidemann Lutz, S. Kleingärtner, P. Kruse, L. Matthes and A. B. Sørensen (eds) Arkæologi i Slesvig/Archäologie in Schleswig. Sonderband “Det 61. Internationale Sachsensymposion 2010” Haderslev, Denmark. Neumünster: Wachholtz, pp.13-32. https://www.academia.edu/521529/Williams_H._2011._Remembering_elites_Early_medieval_stone_crosses_as_commemorative_technologies_

Worthington, M. 1997. Wat’s Dyke: An Archaeological and Historical Enigma, Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester 79(3): 177–96.

Worthington-Hill, M. and Grigg, E. 2015. Boundaries and Walls, in M. C. Hyer and G. R. Owen-Crocker (eds) The Material Culture of the Built Environment in the Anglo-Saxon World. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, pp. 162–181